Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

 

Living with joint pain is hard. And when that pain comes with stiffness, swelling, and fatigue—day after day—it’s not just uncomfortable. It’s exhausting. For many people, this is the daily reality of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect more than just your joints.

At Adam Vital Hospital, we see patients struggling with this condition every day. But we also see hope. With the right diagnosis, treatment, and care, it's possible to manage symptoms, protect joint health, and live a full, active life.

Whether you've just been diagnosed or are trying to understand what Rheumatoid arthritis means for you or a loved one, this guide is here to help.

What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. That means your body’s immune system—which normally protects you from infections—mistakenly attacks your own healthy tissue.

In RA, the immune system targets the lining of your joints (called the synovium). This causes chronic inflammation that can lead to pain, swelling, joint deformity, and loss of function. Over time, if not managed properly, the inflammation can damage cartilage and bone.

What Causes It?

The exact cause of RA is still not fully understood. But researchers believe it’s a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Some of the known triggers and risk factors include:

Family history of autoimmune diseases

Gender – women are more likely to develop RA

Smoking – one of the strongest risk factors

Obesity – can increase the risk and severity

Infections – certain viruses may trigger the immune system abnormally

It’s important to understand: you didn’t do anything to cause this. Autoimmune conditions often happen without warning, and managing them requires medical support—not blame.

Common Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA often starts slowly, and many people confuse the early signs with fatigue or general stiffness. Over time, the symptoms become more noticeable, especially in the smaller joints.

Some common signs include:

Joint pain and swelling, especially in the hands, wrists, and feet

Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes

Fatigue or feeling tired all the time

Low-grade fever

Warm, tender joints

Weight loss (in some cases)

RA usually affects both sides of the body equally, which helps distinguish it from other joint conditions. For example, both wrists or both knees may be inflamed, not just one side.

Over time, untreated RA can cause joint deformities and loss of mobility.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

The sooner RA is diagnosed and treated, the better the long-term outcome. That’s why at Adam Vital Hospital, our rheumatologists emphasize early intervention. Research shows that starting treatment within the first three to six months of symptoms gives the best chance of slowing disease progression.

We use a combination of blood tests, imaging studies (like X-rays or ultrasounds), and detailed physical exams to make an accurate diagnosis.

Common tests include:

Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies

ESR and CRP levels to measure inflammation

Joint imaging to look for early signs of erosion

How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated?

There is no cure for RA yet, but with the right treatment, many people can go into remission—meaning little to no disease activity.

Here’s how we treat RA at Adam Vital Hospital:

1. Medications

DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) – These slow the progression of RA and prevent joint damage. Methotrexate is a common first-line treatment.

Biologic Agents – These target specific parts of the immune system. They are used if DMARDs alone aren’t enough.

NSAIDs and Steroids – Help reduce pain and inflammation, especially during flare-ups.

Every patient’s treatment plan is tailored based on their specific symptoms, lab results, and lifestyle.

2. Physical Therapy

Exercise might sound difficult when you’re in pain, but movement is essential. Our physiotherapists help with:

Gentle range-of-motion exercises

Strengthening activities

Joint protection techniques

Pain-relieving modalities like ultrasound and heat therapy

Therapy isn’t about pushing through pain—it’s about moving smarter.

3. Lifestyle Support

Managing RA means more than just medication. We help patients focus on:

Healthy eating (anti-inflammatory diets can help)

Stress management (stress can worsen symptoms)

Quitting smoking (if applicable)

Maintaining a healthy weight

Our specialists work closely with dietitians and wellness coaches to guide you at every step.

4. Surgical Options (in advanced cases)

If joints are severely damaged and don’t respond to treatment, surgical options like joint replacement or tendon repair might be considered. But this is usually a last resort.

Living with RA: What Patients Should Know

Rheumatoid arthritis is a lifelong condition, but it doesn’t have to define your life. With proper management, many patients continue to work, exercise, travel, and enjoy everyday activities.

At Adam Vital Hospital, we don’t just treat symptoms—we treat people. Our goal is to help you take control of your condition, one step at a time.

We understand that every day is different. Some days you feel strong, others you might feel worn down. That’s okay. You’re not alone—and we’re here to support you through it all.

Final Thoughts

If you’ve been experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or unexplained fatigue, don’t wait. Early diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis can make all the difference in preserving your health and mobility.

Reach out to Adam Vital Hospital today. Our expert rheumatology team is ready to help you understand your condition, manage your symptoms, and take back control of your life.